About Ohai

[edit on GitHub]

Ohai is a tool for collecting system configuration data, which it then provides to Chef Infra Client to use in cookbooks. Chef Infra Client runs Ohai at the start of every Chef Infra run to determine system state. The attributes that Ohai collects are called automatic attributes. Chef Infra Client uses these attributes to ensure that nodes are in the desired state after each configuration run.

The types of attributes Ohai collects include but are not limited to:

• Operating System
• Network
• Memory
• Disk
• CPU
• Kernel
• Host names
• Fully qualified domain names
• Virtualization
• Cloud provider metadata

Ohai includes required and optional plugins to detect common configuration information. Ohai has a plugin model and language to write custom plugins to collect additional system state information.

Ohai collects data for many platforms, including AIX, macOS, Linux, FreeBSD, Solaris, and any Windows operating systems.

See the Chef Infra Client release notes for the latest information on Ohai.

Automatic Attributes

An automatic attribute is a specific detail about a node, such as an IP address, a host name, a list of loaded kernel modules, and so on. Automatic attributes are detected by Ohai and are then used by Chef Infra Client to ensure that they are handled properly during every Chef Infra Client run. The most commonly accessed automatic attributes are:

Get a list of automatic attributes for a node

Ohai collects a list of automatic attributes at the start of each Chef Infra Client run. This list will vary from organization to organization, by server type, and by the platform that runs those servers. All the attributes collected by Ohai are unmodifiable by Chef Infra Client. Run the ohai command on a system to see which automatic attributes Ohai has collected for a particular node.

Attributes Blocklist

Attributes that should not be saved by a node may be blocklisted in the client.rb file. The blocklist is a Hash of keys that specify each attribute to be filtered out.

Attributes are blocklisted by attribute type, with each attribute type being blocklisted independently. Each attribute type—automatic, default, normal, and override—may define blocklists by using the following settings in the client.rb file:

Blocklisting Ohai (automatic) Attributes

The recommended practice is to use blocked_automatic_attributes to block attributes populated by Ohai’s system information gathering. Ohai gathers a large number of attributes that can consume a signicant amount of storage space on the Chef Infra Server. Many of these attributes may be considered highly valuable, while others could be blocklisted without any impact to data available in search. Normal, default, and override attributes are typically much more important attributes used within cookbooks and are more likely to cause issues if they are blocklisted incorrectly.

For example, automatic attribute data similar to:

{
  "filesystem" => {
    "/dev/disk0s2" => {
      "size" => "10mb"
    },
    "map - autohome" => {
      "size" => "10mb"
    }
  },
  "network" => {
    "interfaces" => {
      "eth0" => {...},
      "eth1" => {...},
    }
  }
}

To blocklist the filesystem attributes and allow the other attributes to be saved, update the client.rb file:

blocked_automatic_attributes ['filesystem']

When a blocklist is defined, any attribute of that type that is not specified in that attribute blocklist will be saved. So based on the previous blocklist for automatic attributes, the filesystem and map - autohome attributes will not be saved, but the network attributes will.

For attributes that contain slashes (/) within the attribute value, such as the filesystem attribute '/dev/diskos2', use an array. For

example:

blocked_automatic_attributes [['filesystem', '/dev/diskos2']]

Attribute Allowlist

Attributes that should be saved by a node may be allowlisted in the client.rb file. The allowlist is a hash of keys that specifies each attribute to be saved.

Attributes are allowlisted by attribute type, with each attribute type being allowlisted independently. Each attribute type—automatic, default, normal, and override—may define allowlists by using the following settings in the client.rb file:

Allowlisting Ohai (automatic) Attributes

The recommended practice is to use allowed_automatic_attributes to allow specific attributes populated by Ohai’s system information gathering. Ohai gathers a large number of attributes that can consume a signicant amount of storage space on the Chef Infra Server. Many of these attributes may be considered highly valuable, while others could be skipped without any impact to data available in search. Normal, default, and override attributes are typically much more important attributes used within cookbooks and are more likely to cause issues if they are ommited from an allowlist incorrectly.

For example, automatic attribute data similar to:

{
  "filesystem" => {
    "/dev/disk0s2" => {
      "size" => "10mb"
    },
    "map - autohome" => {
      "size" => "10mb"
    }
  },
  "network" => {
    "interfaces" => {
      "eth0" => {...},
      "eth1" => {...},
    }
  }
}

To allowlist the network attributes and prevent the other attributes from being saved, update the client.rb file:

allowed_automatic_attributes ['network/interfaces/']

When a allowlist is defined, any attribute of that type that is not specified in that attribute allowlist will not be saved. So based on the previous allowlist for automatic attributes, the filesystem and map - autohome attributes will not be saved, but the network attributes will.

Leave the value empty to prevent all attributes of that attribute type from being saved:

allowed_automatic_attributes []

For attributes that contain slashes (/) within the attribute value, such as the filesystem attribute '/dev/diskos2', use an array. For example:

allowed_automatic_attributes [['filesystem', '/dev/diskos2']]

Default Plugins

The following list shows the type of plugins that are included with Ohai. See the ohai/lib/ohai/plugins directory in the version of Ohai installed on your system for the full list:

General Purpose Plugins

azure.rb
c.rb
chef.rb
cloud.rb
command.rb
cpu.rb
digital_ocean.rb
dmi.rb
docker.rb
ec2.rb
elixir.rb
erlang.rb
eucalyptus.rb
filesystem.rb
freebsd
gce.rb
go.rb
groovy.rb
haskell.rb
hostname.rb
init_package.rb
java.rb
joyent.rb
kernel.rb
keys.rb
languages.rb
libvirt.rb
linode.rb
lua.rb
mono.rb
network.rb
nodejs.rb
ohai_time.rb
ohai.rb
memory.rb
network.rb
platform.rb
openstack.rb
os.rb
packages.rb
perl.rb
php.rb
platform.rb
powershell.rb
ps.rb
python.rb
rackspace.rb
root_group.rb
ruby.rb
rust.rb
scala.rb
scaleway.rb
shard.rb
shells.rb
softlayer.rb
ssh_host_key.rb
timezone.rb
uptime.rb
virtualbox.rb
vmware.rb
zpools.rb

Platform Specific Plugins

aix
  kernel.rb
  memory.rb
  network.rb
  platform.rb
  uptime.rb
  virtualization.rb
bsd
 virtualization.rb
darwin
  cpu.rb
  filesystem.rb
  hardware.rb
  memory.rb
  network.rb
  platform.rb
  system_profiler.rb
  virtualization.rb
dragonflybsd
 cpu.rb
 memory.rb
 network.rb
 os.rb
 platform.rb
freebsd
  cpu.rb
  memory.rb
  network.rb
  os.rb
  platform.rb
linux
  block_device.rb
  cpu.rb
  filesystem.rb
  fips.rb
  hostnamectl.rb
  lsb.rb
  machineid.rb
  mdadm.rb
  memory.rb
  network.rb
  platform.rb
  sessions.rb
  virtualization.rb
netbsd
  cpu.rb
  memory.rb
  network.rb
  platform.rb
openbsd
  cpu.rb
  memory.rb
  network.rb
  platform.rb
solaris2
  cpu.rb
  dmi.rb
  filesystem.rb
  memory.rb
  network.rb
  platform.rb
  virtualization.rb
windows
  cpu.rb
  drivers.rb
  filesystem.rb
  fips.rb
  memory.rb
  network.rb
  platform.rb
  system_enclosure.rb
  virtualization.rb

Optional Plugins

Ohai ships several optional plugins that you can enable in the client.rb configuration file.

:Grub2

Information from the Linux Grub2 bootloader

:IPC

SysV IPC shmem information (New in Chef Infra Client 16)

:Interupts

Data from /proc/interrupts and /proc/irq (New in Chef Infra Client 16)

:Lspci

PCI device information on Linux hosts.

:Lsscsi

SCSI device information on Linux hosts.

:Passwd

User and Group information. This plugin can result in large node sizes if a system connects to Active Directory or LDAP.

:Sessions

Sessions data from loginctl on Linux hosts.

:Sysctl

All sysctl values on Linux hosts.

Enabling Optional Plugins

Optional plugins can be enabled in the client.rb configuration file:

ohai.optional_plugins = [
  :Sessions,
  :Lspci,
]

Ohai Settings in client.rb

Ohai configuration settings can be added to the client.rb file.

ohai.directory

The directory in which Ohai plugins are located.

ohai.disabled_plugins

An array of Ohai plugins to be disabled on a node. The list of plugins included in Ohai can be found in the ohai/lib/ohai/plugins source. For example, disabling a single plugin:

ohai.disabled_plugins = [
  :MyPlugin
]

or disabling multiple plugins:

ohai.disabled_plugins = [
  :MyPlugin,
  :MyPlugin2,
  :MyPlugin3
]

When a plugin is disabled, the Chef Infra Client log file will contain entries similar to:

[2014-06-13T23:49:12+00:00] DEBUG: Skipping disabled plugin MyPlugin

ohai.hints_path

The path to the file that contains hints for Ohai.

ohai.log_level

The level of logging to be stored in a log file.

ohai.log_location

The location of the log file.

ohai.plugin_path

An array of paths at which Ohai plugins are located. Default value: [<CHEF_GEM_PATH>/ohai-9.9.9/lib/ohai/plugins]. When custom Ohai plugins are added, the paths must be added to the array. For example, a single plugin:

ohai.plugin_path << '/etc/chef/ohai_plugins'

and for multiple plugins:

ohai.plugin_path += [
  '/etc/chef/ohai_plugins',
  '/path/to/other/plugins'
  ]

Custom Plugins

Custom Ohai plugins can be written to collect additional information from systems as necessary. See the Ohai Custom Plugins docs for more information.

Hints

Ohai hints are used to tell Ohai something about the system that it is running on that it would not be able to discover itself. An Ohai hint exists if a JSON file exists in the hint directory with the same name as the hint. For example, calling hint?('antarctica') in an Ohai plugin would return an empty hash if the file antarctica.json existed in the hints directory, and return nil if the file does not exist.

If the hint file contains JSON content, it will be returned as a hash from the call to hint?.

{
  "snow": true,
  "penguins": "many"
}

antarctica_hint = hint?('antarctica')
if antarctica_hint['snow']
  "There are #{antarctica_hint['penguins']} penguins here."
else
  'There is no snow here, and penguins like snow.'
end

Hint files are located in the /etc/chef/ohai/hints/ directory by default. Use the Ohai.config[:hints_path] setting in the client.rb configuration file to customize this location.

ohai Resource

Chef Infra Client includes an ohai resource that allows you to reload the Ohai data on a node. This allows recipes or resources that change system attributes (like a recipe that adds a user) to refer to those attributes later on during a Chef Infra Client run. See the ohai resource for complete usage information.

ohai Command Line Tool

Ohai can be run on the command line outside of the Chef Infra Client run. See Ohai (executable) for more information.